EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON THE MEMBRANES.
The parts that 1st suffer from alcohol are those expansions of the body that the anatomists call the membranes. “The skin is a membranous envelope. Through the full of the alimentary surface, from the lips downward, and thru the bronchial passages to their minutest ramifications, extends the mucous membrane. The lungs, the heart, the liver, the kidneys are folded in delicate membranes, which will be stripped simply from these parts. If you take a portion of bone, you may find it straightforward to strip far from it a membranous sheath or covering; if you examine a joint, you may notice each the pinnacle and also the socket lined with membranes. The entire of the intestines are enveloped in an exceedingly fine membrane referred to as peritoneum . All the muscles are enveloped in membranes, and therefore the fasciculi, or bundles and fibres of muscles, have their membranous sheathing. The brain and spinal wire are enveloped in three membranes; one nearest to themselves, a pure vascular structure, a network of blood-vessels; another, a skinny serous structure; a 3rd, a sturdy fibrous structure. The eyeball could be a structure of colloidal humors and membranes, and of nothing else. To finish the description, the minute structures of the very important organs are enrolled in membranous matter.”
These membranes are the filters of the body. “In their absence there might be no building of structure, no solidification of tissue, nor organic mechanism. Passive themselves, they, nevertheless, separate all structures into their respective positions and adaptations.”
Membranous deteriorations.
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In order to form perfectly clear to your mind the action and use of these membranous expansions, and the way in which alcohol deteriorates them, and obstructs their work, we quote once more from Dr. Richardson:
“The animal receives from the vegetable world and from the planet the food and drink it requires for its sustenance and motion. It receives colloidal food for its muscles: flamable food for its motion; water for the answer of its numerous components; salt for constructive and different physical purposes. These have all to be organized within the body; and they are organized by means that of the membranous envelopes. Through these membranes nothing will pass that is not, for the time, during a state of aqueous resolution, like water or soluble salts. Water passes freely through them, salts pass freely through them, however the constructive matter of the active elements that’s colloidal will not pass; it is retained in them till it’s chemically decomposed into the soluble sort of matter. After we take for our food a portion of animal flesh, it’s initial resolved, in digestion, into a soluble fluid before it will be absorbed; in the blood it’s resolved into the fluid colloidal condition; within the solids it is laid down within the membranes into new structure, and when it has played its part, it’s digested once more, if I might thus say, into a crystalloidal soluble substance, ready to be carried away and replaced by addition of new matter, then it is dialysed or gone through, the membranes into the blood, and is disposed of in the excretions.
“See, then, what an all-vital part these membranous structures play in the animal life. Upon their integrity all the silent work of the building up of the body depends. If these membranes are rendered too porous, and set free the colloidal fluids of the blood the albumen, for instance the body so circumstanced, dies; dies as if it were slowly bled to death. If, on the contrary, they become condensed or thickened, or loaded with foreign material, then they fail to allow the natural fluids to pass through them. They fail to dialyse, and therefore the result’s, either an accumulation of the fluid in a very closed cavity, or contraction of the substance inclosed within the membrane, or dryness of membrane in surfaces that should be freely lubricated and kept apart. In recent age we see the effects of modification of membrane naturally induced; we tend to see the mounted joint, the shrunken and feeble muscle, the dimmed eye, the deaf ear, the enfeebled nervous function.
“It could presumably appear, at initial sight, that I am leading immediately off from the topic of the secondary action of alcohol. It is not so. I’m leading on to it. Upon of these membranous structures alcohol exerts an immediate perversion of action. It produces in them a thickening, a shrinking and an inactivity that reduces their practical power. That they will work rapidly and equally, they need to be in any respect times charged with water to saturation. If, into contact with them, any agent is brought that deprives them of water, then is their work interfered with; they stop to separate the saline constituents properly; and, if the evil that is thus started, be allowed to continue, they contract upon their contained matter in no matter organ it could be situated, and condense it.
“In brief, beneath the prolonged influence of alcohol those changes that happen from it within the blood corpuscles, extend to the opposite organic elements, involving them in structural deteriorations, that are continuously dangerous, and are usually ultimately fatal.”
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